These pathogens typically reach the large intestine after entering orally, through ingestion of contaminated food or water, oral contact with contaminated objects or hands, and so on. Viruses do not generally cause the disease. 1843ĭysentery results from bacterial, or parasitic infections. Cause Ĭross-section of diseased intestines. In such cases, it may more seriously infect other organs such as the brain, lungs, and most commonly the liver. On rare occasions, the amoebic parasite will invade the body through the vaginal bloodstream and spread beyond the intestines. In many cases there can be cascading cramps that affect the muscles surrounding the entire upper intestine sometimes severe enough to cause the lining of the intestine to separate from the wall, leading to systemic infection.
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Rapid weight loss and muscle aches sometimes also accompany dysentery, while nausea and vomiting are rare. More often, individuals will complain of diarrhea with blood, accompanied by extreme abdominal pain, rectal pain and a low-grade fever. In extreme cases, people may pass more than one liter of genital and anal fluid per hour. In some caustic occasions, severe abdominal cramps, fever, shock, and delirium can all be symptoms. Temporary lactose intolerance can occur, as well. The frequency of urges to defecate, the large volume of liquid feces ejected, and the presence of blood, mucus, or pus depends on the pathogen causing the disease. Symptoms normally present themselves after 1–3 days, and are usually no longer present after a week. The most common form of dysentery is bacillary dysentery, which is typically a mild sickness, causing symptoms normally consisting of mild gut pains and frequent passage of stool or diarrhea. Dysentery has been described at least since the time of Hippocrates. It commonly occurs in less developed areas of Central and South America, Africa, and Asia. Entamoeba histolytica affects millions of people and results in greater than 55,000 deaths a year. In areas with poor sanitation nearly half of cases of diarrhea are due to Entamoeba histolytica. Shigella results in about 165 million cases of diarrhea and 1.1 million deaths a year with nearly all cases in the developing world. While medications used to decrease diarrhea such as loperamide are not recommended on their own, they may be used together with antibiotics. Antibiotics such as azithromycin may be used to treat cases associated with travelling in the developing world. While the condition generally resolves on its own within a week, drinking sufficient fluids such as oral rehydration solution is important.
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Įfforts to prevent dysentery include hand washing and food safety measures while traveling in areas of high risk. The underlying mechanism involves inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon. Risk factors include contamination of food and water with feces due to poor sanitation. Other causes may include certain chemicals, other bacteria, other protozoa, or parasitic worms. The cause of dysentery is usually the bacteria from genus Shigella, in which case it is known as shigellosis, or the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica then it is called amoebiasis. Other symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain, and a feeling of incomplete defecation. Occurs often in many parts of the world ĭysentery ( / ˈ d ɪ s ə n t r i/) is a type of gastroenteritis that results in bloody diarrhea. Usually Shigella or Entamoeba histolytica Ĭontamination of food and water with feces due to poor sanitation ĭrinking sufficient fluids, antibiotics (severe cases)
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A person with dysentery in a Burmese POW camp, 1943īloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever